Physical activity reduces intradermal bacterial load in a murine model submitted to forced swim training - a pilot study.

Regular exercise is beneficial to health. This study evaluated the effects of moderate and intense physical exercise modalities on intradermal infection by Staphylococcus aureus in a murine model. Mice that practiced moderate exercise had lower bacterial load on lymph nodes and less inflammatory infiltrate in dermis. They presented greater weight, however, less amount of epididymal fat: the weight was increased while they had fat diminished. A positive correlation was observed between lipid content and bacterial load in mice trained at moderate intensity. Animals that were under high intensity exercises presented superior bacterial load on the lymph nodes, increased neutrophil count and circulating lymphocytes, and had leukocyte recruitment to the dermis augmented, when compared to the ones in moderate exercise. These findings suggest that moderate physical activity modulates the immune response in dermal infection caused by S. aureus in a murine model.

Gender-related differences in the modulation of anthropometric, biochemical, and immune markers by physical activity in hypertensive and diabetic individuals.

Systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) compose the two major noncommunicable chronic inflammatory diseases. Physical activity has been shown as a promising complementary approach to control the systemic inflammation. However, it is still unclear whether this modulation is gender-dependent. The objective of this study was evaluate the gender-related influence of physical activity on the inflammatory response and biochemical profile of individuals with SAH and T2DM. An international physical activity questionnaire was applied to 376 individuals diagnosed with SAH and T2DM in order to access their exercises routine and was evaluated the influence of physical activity in biochemical, anthropometrical, and immunological markers involved in these disorders in men and women. Even though active individuals have exhibited lower serum levels of IL-1ß, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-17A, the ratios between IL-10 and all inflammatory cytokines were higher in men than in women. Physically active individuals also demonstrated increased HDL/LDL and HDL/VLDL ratios. Moreover, multiple correlations revealed that in active women both IL-10 and TNF-α serum levels positively correlate with fasting glucose levels, and were negatively associated with HDL levels. Our findings suggest that gender-related differences dictate a distinct crosstalk between inflammatory and biochemical markers in physically active individuals.

Regular physical activity reduces the effects of inflammaging in diabetic and hypertensive men.

The aim of this study was to assess the influence of physical activity in inflammatory, biochemical and endocrine parameters of middle-aged and elderly men with Systemic Arterial Hypertension (SAH) and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). The assessment was comprised by 77 male volunteers aged between 45 and 59 years old (middle-aged men) or 60 to 86 years old (elderly men), diagnosed with SAH and T2DM, assisted by Family Health Units in Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil. According to age and lifestyle (sedentary or practicing physical activity), these men were classified as middle-aged sedentary men, middle-aged physically active men, elderly sedentary men, or elderly physically active men. It was noticed that active elderly people with SAH and T2DM had a better inflammatory balance than sedentary middle-aged men, through the evaluation of the relationship between the cytokines IL-10/TNF-α, IL-10/IL-17A and IL-10/IFN-γ. Moreover, in the extended correlation analysis, a greater global balance was observed among anthropometric, blood pressure, biochemical and cytokine parameters. Physical activity beneficially modulates aging-related disease risk factors even in elderly individuals.

Ureaplasma diversum clearance in lung mice infection is mediated by neutrophils.

Pneumonia in cattle is one of the causes of morbidity rates and economic loss. The host response to lung infections caused by Ureaplasma diversum in bovines is virtually unknown. Here in the immune response was evaluated in a murine model for an experimental pulmonary infection by U. diversum. Therefore, AJ, BALB/C and C57BL/6 mice received intratracheal inoculation of U. diversum and were evaluated after 1, 2, 3, 7 and 14 days and the clinical specimens were collected. In bronchoalveolar lavages (BAL) an increase of inflammatory cells was observed. Neutrophils were the main cells recruited to the site of infection and the infiltration was coincided with the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. We found a large amount of neutrophil in this initial period, followed by a decrease 7 and 14 days post infection, accompanied by bacterial clearance. Our results evidenced the presence of U. diversum within the neutrophil that suggests a phagocytic role of this cell in the elimination of the infection. The immune response features reported here are the initial evidence that healthy immune systems may control these microorganisms. This may be the first step to design new strategies immune based to control the infections in naturally infected hosts.

Regular physical activity reduces the proinflammatory response in older women with diabetes and hypertension in the postmenopausal phase.

Aging in women is characterized by extreme hormonal changes leading them to develop a chronic low-grade inflammation that is linked to the development of systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In this scenario, physical activity emerges as an interesting methodology, since it seems to be connected to a decrease in serum levels of some pro-inflammatory cytokines. Nevertheless, most studies evaluate these cytokines in an isolated manner not considering the influence of comorbidities on the responsiveness of participants to the benefits of physical activity. So, this study aimed to assess the influence of physical activity on body composition, anthropometric parameters, lipid profile, and inflammatory markers of diabetic and hypertensive older postmenopausal women. We evaluated 163 women aged from 60 to 80 years, diagnosed with T2DM and SAH that were assisted by the Family Health Units in Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil. The pratice of physical activity was measured by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire with the participants being classified as active or sedentary individuals. Active older women presented better body composition, lipid profile and inflammatory balance. This was connected to a better correlation profile between these factors in active older women, characteristics that were not noticed in sedentary older women. Moreover, IL-17A and the relationship between IL-10 and the other pro-inflammatory cytokines examined was greatly influenced by physical activity. Consequently, physical activity is linked to a global improvement in T2DM and SAH risk factors and with a positive inflammatory modulation in diabetic and hypertensive older women.

Association between body composition and inflammation: A central role of IL-17 and IL-10 in diabetic and hypertensive elderly women.

In women, aging is evidenced by physiological hormonal alterations that trigger changes in body composition, emergence of chronic low-grade inflammation, which is an important pre-disposition to the development of chronic diseases such as Systemic Arterial Hypertension (SAH) and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Although it is a strong pro-inflammatory nature disorder, little is known about how body composition interferes with inflammatory markers in diabetic and hypertensive elderly women. Therefore, this study's objective was to evaluate the inflammation in diabetic and hypertensive elderly women, and their association with fat mass. It comprised the evaluation of 144 women aged between 60 and 80 years old, diagnosed with SAH and T2DM, assisted by Family Health Units in Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil. According to body mass index (BMI), these women were classified as either eutrophic or overweight. In the eutrophic females, the IL-10 / IL-17A ratio was increased when compared to those overweight. In addition, IL-17 correlated negatively with HDL and positively with total cholesterol, LDL, triglycerides, VLDL, and glucose in the eutrophic ones, but not in the overweight individuals. IL-10 also showed differences in the correlation pattern observed between the groups, since for this eutrophic cytokine, it presented positive correlation with the waist circumference, waist/height ratio, and negative association with IL-17, while in overweight elderly women, it was not observed such pattern. Hence, this work demonstrates how the amount of fat mass interferes with the balance of cytokines, especially IL-10 and IL-17, and how it may exert an effect on biochemical parameters and risk factors associated with T2DM and SAH.

Surveillance of donated blood during the 2016 arbovirus outbreak in Brazil.

Reports of arboviral transmission via blood transfusion may be a cause of concern among asymptomatic infected donors. This study evaluated the presence of arboviruses in donated blood products during the 2016 outbreak in Vitória da Conquista (Bahia-Brazil). Serum samples (n = 676) were screened for ZIKV, CHIKV, and the four DENV serotypes using a one-step reverse transcriptase-based Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). No samples tested positive for any of the targets, whereas positive controls performed as expected. The results suggest a low risk of arboviral transmission via transfusion of blood products in the endemic area studied during the 2016 outbreak.